Vuga muri make uko ibintu bimeze muri iki gihe inganda za diyama

Diyama "umwami wibikoresho", kubera imiterere myiza yumubiri, yakomeje gushakishwa no kwagurwa mubice byakoreshwaga mu myaka mirongo.Mu rwego rwo gusimbuza diyama karemano, diyama yubukorikori yakoreshejwe mu mirima kuva ku bikoresho byo gutunganya no mu myitozo kugeza kuri semiconductor ya ultra-rugari ya bande, kuva laser hamwe nintwaro ziyobowe kugeza kumurika impeta ya diyama mumaboko yabagore.Diyama yubukorikori yabaye igice cyingirakamaro mu nganda n’imitako.

A. Amakuru y'ibanze

Diyama ya sintetike ni ubwoko bwa diyama ya kirisiti ikomatanyirizwa hamwe na siyansi hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kwigana imiterere ya kirisiti n'ibidukikije bikura bya diyama.Hariho uburyo bubiri buboneka mubucuruzi bwo gukora diyama nyinshi - ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi (HTHP) hamwe no kubika imyuka ya chimique (CVD).Hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya HPHT cyangwa CVD, diyama yubukorikori irashobora gukorwa mubyumweru bike gusa, kandi ibigize imiti, indangagaciro zivunika, ubucucike bugereranije, gutatanya, ubukana, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, kwaguka kwinshi, gukwirakwiza urumuri, kurwanya no kwikuramo diyama karemano nibyo rwose kimwe.Diyama yo mu rwego rwo hejuru izwi kandi nka diyama ihingwa.
Kugereranya uburyo bubiri bwo gutegura nuburyo bukurikira:

Andika	Umushinga	HPHT ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nuburyo bwumuvuduko	Uburyo bwo kubika imyuka ya CVD
Ubuhanga bwogukora	Ibikoresho by'ibanze	Ifu ya Graphite, ifu ya catalizator	Gazi irimo karubone, hydrogen
	Ibikoresho byo gukora	Imashini 6 ya diamant	CVD Ibikoresho byo kubitsa
	Ibidukikije	Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’ibidukikije	Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’ibidukikije
Hindura ibintu nyamukuru biranga diyama	Imiterere y'ibicuruzwa	Granular, imiterere cubic octahedron, 14	Urupapuro, cube yubatswe, icyerekezo 1 cyo gukura
	Ukuzamuka	Mugufi	Birebire
	Igiciro	Hasi	Hejuru
	Impamyabumenyi	Birababaje	Hejuru
	Ibicuruzwa bibereye	1 ~ 5ct yo gukura diyama	Gukura diyama hejuru ya 5ct
Porogaramu y'ikoranabuhanga	Impamyabumenyi	Ikoranabuhanga rirakuze, porogaramu yo murugo iragutse kandi ifite inyungu zigaragara kwisi	Ikoranabuhanga ryo mumahanga rirakuze, ariko tekinoroji yo murugo iracyari mubyiciro byubushakashatsi, kandi ibisubizo byo gusaba ni bike

Inganda za diyama zubushinwa zatangiye bitinze, ariko iterambere ryinganda ryihuta.Kugeza ubu, ikoranabuhanga, karat hamwe nigiciro cyibikoresho byo gukora diyama yubukorikori mu Bushinwa bifite ibyiza byo guhatanira isi.Diyama yubukorikori ifite ibintu byiza cyane nka diyama isanzwe, nka super ikomeye, kwambara no kurwanya ruswa.Nibikoresho byateye imbere bidafite ingufu zibyuma bikora neza, bisobanutse neza, igice gihoraho no kurengera ibidukikije.Nibyingenzi bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibiti, gukata, gusya no gucukura ibikoresho bikomeye kandi byoroshye.Porogaramu zikoreshwa zikoreshwa cyane mu kirere no mu nganda za gisirikare, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, amabuye, ubushakashatsi n'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gutunganya imashini, ingufu zisukuye, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, abaguzi ba semiconductor n'izindi nganda.Kugeza ubu, uburyo bunini bukoreshwa bwa diyama nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, ni ukuvuga diyama ihingwa, iri mu nganda z’imitako.

Idirishya rishakisha misile	Diamond drill bit yo gushakisha peteroli
Diamond yabonye icyuma	Igikoresho cya diyama
Gukoresha inganda za diyama

Imiterere yumusaruro wa diyama karemano irakaze cyane, kubwibyo ubuke burahambaye, igiciro kiri hejuru yumwaka wose, kandi igiciro cya diyama ihingwa kiri hasi cyane ugereranije na diyama karemano.Nk’uko byatangajwe na "Global Diamond Industry 2020-21" yashyizwe ahagaragara na Bain Consulting, igiciro cyo kugurisha / kugurisha diyama ihingwa cyagabanutse kuva mu 2017. Mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2020, igiciro cyo kugurisha diyama ihingwa na laboratoire ni 35% bya irya diyama karemano, kandi igiciro cyinshi ni 20% bya diyama karemano.Biteganijwe ko hamwe nogutezimbere buhoro buhoro ibiciro bya tekiniki, Inyungu yibiciro byisoko ryo guhinga diyama bizagaragara cyane.

Guhinga diyama yabazwe ijanisha rya diyama karemano

B. Urunigi rw'inganda

Uruganda rukora diyama

Inzira yo hejuru yinganda zinganda za diyama bivuga gutanga ibikoresho fatizo nkibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro hamwe na catalizike ya tekiniki, ndetse no gukora diyama ya diyama ikora.Ubushinwa nabwo bukora diyama ya HPHT, kandi umusaruro wa diyama ya CVD nawo uratera imbere byihuse.Ihuriro ry’inganda ryashinzwe mu Ntara ya Henan n’abakora ibicuruzwa biva hejuru bya diyama y’ubukorikori, barimo Zhengzhou Huacheng Diamond Co, LTD., Zhongnan Diamond Co., LTD., Henan Huanghe Cyclone Co, LTD., Ibindi. kandi yabyaye ibice binini na diyama yubukorikori buhanitse (diyama ihingwa).Uruganda rwo hejuru rumenya ikorana buhanga rya diyama ikaze, ifite igishoro gikomeye, kandi igiciro cyinshi cya diyama ya sintetike ikaze irahagaze, kandi inyungu ni nyinshi.
Igice cyo hagati kivuga ubucuruzi no gutunganya diyama yubukorikori yubusa, ubucuruzi bwa diyama yubukorikori yarangije imyitozo, hamwe nigishushanyo na Mosaic.Diyama ntoya iri munsi ya karat 1 yaciwe cyane mubuhinde, mugihe karat nini nka 3, 5, 10 cyangwa diyama idasanzwe idasanzwe yaciwe muri Amerika.Ubu Ubushinwa bugaragara nkikigo kinini cyo gutema isi, aho Chow Tai Fook yubatse uruganda rukata abantu 5 000 muri Panyu.
Hasi yerekana cyane cyane kugurisha kwa diyama yubukorikori, kwamamaza nizindi nganda zunganira.Uruganda rwa diyama yubukorikori ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kirere, gutunganya imashini no gukora, gushakisha peteroli n’inganda.Hafi ya diyama yubukorikori yo mu rwego rwo hejuru igurishwa mu nganda z’imitako nkurwego rwa imitako rwahinzwe na diyama.Kugeza ubu, Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika zifite isoko rikuze ku isi mu guhinga diyama no kwiteza imbere, hamwe n’igurisha ryuzuye.

C. Imiterere yisoko

Mu myaka ya mbere, igiciro cya diyama yubukorikori cyari hejuru ya 20 ~ 30 yu karat, ibyo bigatuma inganda nyinshi zikora inganda zibuza.Hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro, igiciro cya diyama yubukorikori cyagabanutse buhoro buhoro, kandi mu myaka yashize, igiciro cyaragabanutse kugera munsi y’amafaranga 1 kuri karat.Hamwe niterambere ry’inganda n’inganda za gisirikari, waferi ya silikoni ya fotokolta, semiconductor, amakuru ya elegitoroniki n’izindi nganda zigenda zivuka, ikoreshwa rya diyama yubukorikori mu rwego rwo hejuru rwo gukora inganda ihora yaguka.
Muri icyo gihe, kubera ingaruka za politiki y’ibidukikije, ingano y’isoko ry’inganda (mu bijyanye n’umusaruro wa diyama w’ubukorikori) yerekanye inzira yo kugabanuka bwa mbere hanyuma ikiyongera mu myaka itanu ishize, ikazamuka igera kuri miliyari 14.65 muri 2018 kandi ni biteganijwe ko uzagera kuri karat miliyari 15.42 muri 2023. Impinduka zihariye nizo zikurikira:

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kubyaza umusaruro mubushinwa nuburyo bwa HTHP.Ubushobozi bwashyizwemo imashini itandatu yo gusunika bugena mu buryo butaziguye ubushobozi bwo gukora diyama yubukorikori, harimo na diyama ihingwa.Binyuze mu gusobanukirwa gutandukanye nitsinda ryubushakashatsi bwumushinga, ubushobozi buriho bwigihugu ntabwo burenga 8000 mubwoko bwa vuba bwibinyamakuru byo hejuru byimpande esheshatu, mugihe isoko rusange risabwa ni 20.000 byubwoko bugezweho bwibinyamakuru byo hejuru.Kugeza ubu, kwishyiriraho no gutangiza buri mwaka inganda nini zikomeye zo mu gihugu cya diyama zimaze kugera ku gipimo gihamye cy’ibice 500 bishya, kure y’icyifuzo cy’isoko, bityo mu gihe gito kandi giciriritse, ubuhinzi bw’imbere mu nganda bugurisha isoko rya diyama ni gikomeye.